PFAS Environmental Sampling Program 2022-23

Our research

We carried out a statewide study to learn more about per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). We wanted to understand where PFAS occurs in the environment. The study also explored how PFAS moves through soil, water and wildlife.

We tested soil, groundwater, rivers and creeks at sites across Victoria. We also tested local wildlife, including house sparrows and birds of prey.

What we found

• PFAS were detected at low levels in many places we sampled, including soil, groundwater and surface water.
• Legacy PFAS like PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS were the most common, but newer and emerging PFAS were also found in some areas. This included PFAS like ADONA, PFECHS, and 6:2 diPAP in soils, surface water and groundwater, showing that modern PFAS replacements are beginning to appear in the environment.
• Groundwater results showed trace PFAS even in some deep and semi-confined aquifers, and surface water flowing into Port Phillip Bay contained a mix of legacy and short-chain PFAS
• Both sparrows and birds of prey showed signs of PFAS exposure, with PFOS the most detected chemical.
• Most PFAS levels at urban-ambient and regional sites were low and below human-health guideline values.

What this means

PFAS are present in the environment at low levels across Victoria. This included areas where there was no clear source of PFAS. The findings show that these chemicals can travel through soil and water.

The appearance of new and emerging PFAS shows that PFAS profiles change over time. Monitoring programs need to adapt as chemical use evolves.

The results will help us manage PFAS risks and guide regulatory decisions. They will also help protect the health of communities, groundwater, wildlife and waterways.